Such children often become angry at and stop trusting their parents, leading parents to become confused and upset. (It should be noted that TF-CBT does not include offending parents, that is, parents who perpetrated the trauma for which the child is receiving treatment such as a parent who perpetrated the child’s sexual abuse or domestic violence.) However, trauma experiences teach children that the world is dangerous and that adults may not protect them. Non-offending parents are typically children’s primary source of safety, support, and guidance. Involving parents in the traumatized child’s treatment can effectively address these factors and thus positively impact the child’s outcome. For example, lower levels of parental distress about the child’s trauma and greater parental support predict more positive outcomes after child trauma exposure whereas greater parental PTSD symptoms predicts more negative child outcomes 4. Parents can have a significant impact on children’s trauma responses. Early identification and treatment of traumatized children can prevent these potentially serious and long term negative outcomes. Although most children are resilient, trauma exposure is associated with increased risk for medical and mental health problems including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and attempted and completed suicide 2 3. At least one trauma is reported by two-thirds of American children and adolescents (hereafter referred to as “children”) 33% of children experience multiple traumas before reaching adulthood 1. Child trauma is a serious societal problem.
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